DIFFERENCE IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES BY GENDER
Edited by, SNEHA MAVIS
Disease causing pathogens face a variety of host characteristics, including age, physiology, nutritional state, and immunological response. The diseases most striking contrast is the gender of the host.
COVID-19 is a wellknown example. Despite the fact that COVID-19 affects both men and women equally, men have a higher risk of dying from it. This is also true regarding SARS nad MERS outbreaks. Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis are more common in women.
Women and men react to infectious diseases differently due to the following reasons:
DIFFERENCES IN PATHOGEN EXPOSURE:
Cultural, Socioeconomic, behavioural, hormonal, and immunological factors all have a role in differences in occupational exposure. the gender imbalance is also due to differences in occupational exposures. Men are more likely to pursue activities like mining and farming, which may rise their risk of respiratory diseases and mosquito-borne diseases.
PATHOGEN-INDUCED IMMUNE RESPONSES:
According to studies, women's innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infections are stronger than men's. These variations in immunological responses are caused by higher interferon production, greater T cell activation and increased susceptibility to autoimmunity. According to studies, women have stronger antibody responses and have higher vaccine efficacy than men.
HORMONES:
Sex hormones regulate the transcription of genes involved in immune system development and maturation, immune response regulation, and immune signal pathway modulation.
SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS:
Infectious disease differences between men and women are influenzed by a variety of socioeconomic factors, particularly in nations where ethnic diversity and financial inequality are significant. Since males have a higher smoking rate than females, they are more prone to develop influenza and tuberculosis.
.png)
.png)
No comments:
Post a Comment