ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

DARSHAN R - MDCCC-139

Microbial agents are the agents that destroys microorganisms or suppresses their multiplication or growth or any substance used to treat an infection.

E.g.  : Antiseptics, antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals and antiparasities.

Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents applied to non-living surfaces.

     The  antibiotics are the  drugs which  are used to  treat   the bacterial infection caused by the microorganisms or the growth. Antibiotics kill the microorganisms or they will suppress the growth of the bacteria inside the body.

     All antibiotics cannot be used to kill all the microbes, the specific antibiotics should be given to the specific microorganisms to kill them. The antibiotics will be tested before using them to kill microbes in the human body and they will be tested for sterility as to known whether they can be used to kill the specific microorganisms or not.

     Antibiotics have been classified into four (4) generation, they are as follows:

 *First generation antibiotics : E.g. : Oxolinic acid

 *Second generation antibiotics : E.g. : Ciprofloxacin

 *Third generation antibiotics : E.g. : Levofloxacin 

 *Fourth generation antibiotics : E.g. : Gemi-floxacin

   Some specific antibiotics used to kill the specific diseases and microorganisms: 

                           Typhoid : Ciprofloxacin, macrolides, etc..

                           Malaria : Malarone, doxycycline, etc..

                           Tuberculosis : Isoniazid, rifampin, etc..

                           Syphilis : Benzathine penicillin, etc..

                           Gonorrhea : Cefixime, cefpodoxime, etc..

                           Pneumonia : Delafloxacin, azithromycin, etc..

                           Leprosy : Dapsone, rifampicin, etc..

                           Hepatitis : Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, etc..

        As we know maximum all the antibiotics are given to treat the infection of bacteria, virus, fungal etc.. Antimicrobial host have the capacity to kill the all the types of microorganisms. Antimicrobial are used in the microbiological laboratory as to do the sensitivity testing. Antibiotics are used in antimicrobial sensitivity testing, sterility testing and antibiotics are specifically used during cup plate method, ditch plate method, etc.. Antibiotics are used in cup plate method as the antibiotic poured into that cup are known as the magic bullets. 

        During covid time many of the antibiotics were used and many of the microorganisms have resistance to antibiotics as they are used frequently during covid. As in past few months few antibiotics are considered resistance against many microorganisms. The antibiotic that have been resistance to bacteria are amoxicillin.

      Amoxicillin is the antibiotic that was used most during the covid time and the microbes have resistance to the amoxicillin and now-a-days all the antibiotics cannot be used to treat the infection caused by bacteria. 

      Many of the antibiotics are used to treat the asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the hospitals with the combination of the beta-lactamase inhibitors.

       Antimicrobial agents plays main role treating and curing the infection now-a-days and they are widely used all or the world.