LACTOSE INTOLERANCE

Edited by, SNEHA MAVIS

Lactose intolerance refers to a condition in which a person is unable to digest lactose, a form of sugar present in milk and dairy products. A milk allergy is not the same as lactose intolerance. The body reacts to milk proteins rather than milk sugar in a milk allergy. A milk allergy can cause life-threatening symptoms such as anaphylaxis.

SYMPTOMS:

 Lactose intolerance causes symptoms after consuming lactose-containing milk or dairy products. Lactose intolerance can cause the following symptoms:

Bloating

Abdominal discomfort

Cramps

Flatulence

Nausea

Diarrhea

Belching

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:

Lactose, which is found in milk and dairy products, is normally broken down by an enzyme called lactase, which is found in the digestive system. This enzyme converts lactose into two simple sugars, glucose and galactose, which are then easily absorbed and utilised by the body. Lactose is not broken down and is not absorbed into the bloodstream when a person's lactase levels are low. Rather, it travels to the colon, or big intestine and causes the bacteria in the colon to produce more gas. Individuals may experience discomfort and other unpleasant sensations as a result of this.

DIAGNOSIS:

Lactose intolerance cannot be diagnosed based just on clinical signs and symptoms; instead, a breath or blood test is required to examine how a person processes lactose.

Hydrogen breath test: A lactose solution is given to the subject, and blood samples are taken to determine their glucose levels. If blood glucose levels remain unchanged the body has not properly broken down the lactose.

TREATMENT:

All milk and milk products must be avoided as part of the treament. Most persons with lactose intolerance should have their calcium and vitamin D levels checked, as these are commonly derived through milk and milk products and may require dietary supplementation. Calcium and vitamin D are necessary for bone and tooth health. Lactase enzyme replacements may help some people.